PODOPHYLLUM | PADWAL

Scientific classification of Podophyllum | padwal
Kingdom: plantae
Division: magnoliophyta
Class: magnoliopsida
Order: ranunculales
Family: berberidaceae
Genus: podophyllum
Species: p. Hexandrum

Common Name:-banbaigan,papri,venivel,padwal
Nature:- it’s a erect herb with a creeping rootstock.
Flowers:-flower bearing branch is erect, leafy at the top: leaves two with 15-25 cm diameter, deeply divided in 3-5 lobes. Flowers 2.5 -5 cm diameter, white or pinkish, with cup shaped, usually solitary.
Fruits:-fruit ovoid, 2.5 -5 cm scarlet.
Medicinal uses:-the dried rhizomes of the plants are used in medicine .
The rhizomes contains a resin podophyllin. It is purgative: its action is slow but severe and a large doses can cause acute irritation and griping..

SYMPLOCOS RACEMOSA | LODH

Symplocos racemosa | lodh

Kingdom: plantae
Division: magnoliophyta
Class: magnoliopsida
Order: ericales
Family: symplocaceae
Genus: symplocos


Common names:-lodh,lodhra,..etc..
Nature:-this is a small tree. Which has height about 6-7 meter high.
Leaves:-leaves are 10-20 cm long.they are mostly dark green in colour, and pointed at the tip with toothed margins.
Flowers:-as comparision flowers are small which has 1.4 cm diameter which appears mostly white or pale yellow in colour.
Fruits:-fruits are 1.4 cm long with purplish black in colour.
Medicinal uses:-the drug obtained by this trees bark.. Which is useful in digestive disorder, and also helpful in some of the eyes diseases and ulsers. It is used in plasters and useful on wounds for advertising growth of wounds.it is careful useful in hypertrophy and in fat in urine..

Caesalpinia pulcherrima | shankashur

Caesalpinia pulcherrima | shankashur

Kingdom: plantae

Division: magnoliophyta

Class: magnoliopsida

Order: fabales

Family: fabaceae

Subfamily : caesalpinioideae

Genus: caesalpinia

Species: c. Pulcherrima (shankashur)

Nature:-it is a shrub. Its height about 2-3 meter.

Leaves:-the leaves are bipinnate, 15-45 cm long, productive 2-10 pairs of pinnae.

Flowers:-the flowers are borne in racemes up to 24 cm long, each flower with five yellow, orange or red petals. The fruit is a pod 6-12 cm long.

It is a striking ornamental plant, widely grown in tropical gardens.

Its found in the india in the tropical rain forests. With a beautiful inflorescence in yellow, red and orange, it is called "ratnagundhi" informally.

Medicinal uses:-

Some of medicinal uses for caesalpinia pulcherrima, which is known as ayoowiri. The juice from the leaves is said to cure fever, the juice from the flower cures sores, and the seeds cure bad cough, breathing difficulty, and chest pain. Some parts of it induce abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy.

GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA | MULETHI

Scientific classification of mulethi
Kingdom: plantae
Division: magnoliophyta
Class: magnoliopsida
Order: fabales
Family: fabaceae
Subfamily: faboideae
Tribe: galegeae
Genus: glycyrrhiza
Species: g. Glabra
Common names:-madhuyasthi, jethi madh, mulathi, atimadhuram, jasthi madhu ..etc..
Nature:- it is a herb. Its size about 1.8 meter high.
Leaves:-leaves are compound. Each leaflets with 4 – 7 pairs.
Flowers:-flowers are light violet in colour, small in size,.
Fruits:- fruits are 1-4 cm long, they are flat and densely covered with small pointed outgrowths.
Medicinal uses:-for making of drugs this plants dried roots and subversive stems are useful..its well known as liquorice which promotes urination and its flow of urine activity as also antimycins.its powder mixed with butter and honey , is useful on cuts and wounds. because of its fresh test and soft properties , liquorice is largely used in adding of syrups. The leaves of this plants , when applied as a plaster are believed to be useful in burns of the head..

FERULA NARTHEX BOISS | HING | SAP | YANG

Scientific classification of Ferula narthex boiss (hing)

Kingdom: plantae
Division: magnoliophyta
Class: magnoliopsida
Order: fabales
Family: fabaceae
Subfamily: faboideae
Tribe: galegeae
Genus: glycyrrhiza

Common names:-sap, yang, hengu, hing, balhika, inguva..etc..
Nature:-it is a big permanent herb with healthy carrot-shaped roots.
Leaves:-leaves are two kinds the lower one is simple and 25-65 cm longand elliptical. Whereas upper
Part of this leave is separated into numerous segments. Young leaves are hairy..
Flowers:-flowers are small and mostly yellow in colour.
Fruits:-fruits are mostly 10 mm long concerning semi as broader.
Medicinal uses:-its mostly used as a flavor . It is vital in incline in most pulses and vegetable curry
Arrangements.. It has a some narcotic properties.it is refreshment for respiratory and nervous system.
It is practical outwardly on stomach to excite the bowels.

Elettaria cardamomum | Elachi | Elaka | yelam |elachi | chhotiilaichi | veldode

Elettaria cardamomum (elachi)
Common name:-elaka,yelam,elachi,chhoti ilaichi., veldode...etc
Nature:-it is a herb. A herb with overweight branched corm, broad and several rigid stems. Which going up to 4 meter high.
Leaves:-leaves are mostly large with 40-95 cm long, slim, with one strong middle nerve.
Flower:-flowers are about 5 cm long they are green and probbabaly yellow in colour.
Fruits:-fruits are not so big but they easy to get to in market are faded with sulphur vapors.
Medicinal uses:-drugs obtained by the dried fruits of this plant.
The seeds are also useful but they are taken out from the fruits just when there use required. Cardamom is used mainly for easing turgidity. ,, to encourage digestion.
It is mostly known s flavouring agent. Its most of uses in the cooking and making of cakes also.
The oil which obtained from seeds is used for flavouring beverages.

Ricinus communis | erand | arandi |bherenda | Haralu

Ricinus communis
Common names:-erand, arandi,bherenda. Haralu etc..
Nature:- it is a shrub.
Leaves:-leaves are bulky, circular in outline, broad and partially separated into 7 lobes.
Flowers:-flowers mostly bulky in size with in big incurable bunches.
Fruits:-fruits are like a thorny container , somewhat noticeable into six parts.seeds four-sided figure , seed –coat crustaceous.
Medicinal uses:-this plants seeds are useful in the medicine. The seeds are toxic and yet 3 or 4 seeds can be lethal. Oil which obtained from the seeds known as castor-oil, which is used as laxative. Castor-oil is used in marketing in birth control device jellies and creams.

DIGITALIS PURPUREA | TILPUSHPI

DIGITALIS PURPUREA

COMMON NAMES:-Tilpushpi..etc

NATURE:It is a permanent herb.which has height about 1.4 meter.

LEAVES:-Lower basal leaves are long-stalked.thats opposite upper basal leaves almost without stalks.

FLOWERS:-Flowers are mostly 7 cm long in white or purple colour, with rough lobes.

FRUITS:- Fruits are likely elliptical in shape.

MEDICINAL USES:-Mostly the drug initiated by this plants dried leaves. the leaves dries upto 65 degree temperature. Important uses of this drug is in heart disease. This drug Give a promotion to and causes the activity of all muscle tissue which is almost uses in the case of crowded heart collapse.

EPHEDRA GERARDIANA | asmaniya | khanda | budshur..

EPHEDRA GERARDIANA

COMMON NAMES:-asmaniya,khanda,budshur

NATURE:-It is a small shrub. It is a shrub which has height about 1 meter. mostly there steems are timbered lower, branches almost look like whorled which are initially a little scattering and after that climbing upwards.

LEAVES:-leaves compact to little 2- notched sheath.

FLOWERS: flowers jointly in ovate point.

FRUITS:-fruits are mostly 9 mm long , ovoid , red , and they are luscious bracts.

MEDICINAL USES:-the drug which obtained from this is useful as a stimulant for heart. In the cases where heart is affected by infections of pneumonia. . it has been also used in rashes.

EUPHORBIA HIRTA | NELAPALAI

COMMON NAMES:-lal dudhi, barker, dudheli, accegida, nelapalai, nanabala etc..

NATURE:-its an annual herb.which is erect upto 45 cm high.

LEAVES:-mostly leaves in opposite pairs small, upto about 5 cm long.dark green on upper portion.

FLOWERS:-flowers whitish , minute , in small , axiallary, stalked clusters.

FRUITS:-fruits small, 1-2 mm diameter, hairy;sedds 3-angled, wrinkled, light reddish brown.

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES:-

The entire plant, collected in the flowering and fruiting stage and dried, constitutes the drugs. The leaves of euphorbia hirta are eaten as vegetable. The plants promotes formation and flow of milk. The roots of the plants useful to stop vomiting. The milky juice of the plants is applied on warts.

SWERTIYA CHIRAYATA | karaya

Classification of SWERTIYA CHIRAYATA

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Gentianales

Family: Gentianaceae

Genus: Swertia

Common names of swertiya chirayata:-nelabevu,kirata-tikta,nila vembu,chirata..

NATURE:-It is a herb with height of 1.6 cm. The plant prefers light , medium and heavy soils.

LEAVES:-Leaves are mostly appears in opposite pairs, about 12 cm long, withought stalk.

FLOWERS:-Flowers are mostly pale green , tinged with purple. Itsflowering appears from September to October.

FRUITS:-Fruits are likely8 mm long and ovoid in shape.

MEIDCINAL USES:-chirayata is known as its bitter properties.it is given in malerial fever.it is given in fever and weakness. It is well known for its stomachal property also. It also contains xanthones, which are reputedly effective against malaria and tuberculosis, and also amarogentin, a glycoside that may protect the liver against carbon tetrachloride poisoning.

STERCULIYA URENS | karaya

STERCULIYA URENS karaya

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Malvales

Family: Sterculiaceae

Genus: Sterculia

COMMON NAMES OF STERCULIYA URENS:-gulu, karai, kandol, thondi,kulu,ponaku

NATURE:-It is a normal size deciduous tree, Noticeable in an unpleasant way in the forest by its white or greenish-white and shining and also by the smooth paper bark.

LEAVES:-Leaves are mostly crowded at the end of the branches, which is in diameter by 25-45 cm,with their shallowely 5-lobed,with densely hairy on under surface.

FLOWERS:-Flowers are mostly yellowish –brown in colour, small ..in large with very densely hairy erect bunches.

FRUITS:-Fruits are mostly thick in size and they are in red carpels densely covered with stinging hairs.

MEDICINAL USES:-The gum release from the stem of the tree has its medicinal uses:, that is called karaya gum.that is used as a mechanical purgative.the karaya gum when applied to the skin has a softer

Softer action than tragacanth gum. The wood of this tree is used for mostly domestic purpose.. like a doors ,paking cases, carving etc.. the seeds of the plants are nontoxic. The gum is eaten in East Indian cookery (curries).

Bilimbi | Averrhoa

BILIMBI ( Averrhoa)

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Oxalidales

Family: Oxalidaceae

Genus: Averrhoa

Species: bilimbi

it is essentially a tropical tree, which has lower resistant to cold than the carambola, it grows most of in rich and

well-drained soil. It favours mostly distributed rainfall throughout the year, .. this tree requires protection from wind and cold.



Nature:
The bilimbi tree is long-lived, reaches 2-3 m in height. Its trunk is short and quickly divides up into branching. Bilimbi

Leaves:-

leaves, 6-49 cm long,and they are alternate, imparipinnate and cluster at branch extremities. There are around 9 to 16

Flowers:-

Its flowers, like its fruits, are found in hairy panicles that directly emerge from the trunk as well as from the oldest, most solid branches. The yellowish or purplish flowers are tiny, fragrant and have 5 petals.

fruits:-

The bilimbi fruit's form ranges from ellipsoid to almost cylindrical. Its length is 4-10 cm. The bilimbi is 5-sided, but in a less marked way than the carambola. At the stem's end, the fruit is capped with a star-shape calyx. If unripe, it is bright green and crispy. It turns yellowish as it ripens. The flesh is juicy, green and extremely acidic. The fruit's skin is glossy and very thin
Seeds are small (4 mm) and brown. They are form is disc-like and flattened


Medicinal uses:-

mostly the leaves serve as a paste on itches, swelling, rheumatism, mumps or skin eruptions. In or to another place, they re used for bites of poisonous creatures. A leaf infusion is efficient against or as an after-birth tonic,.

PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM | Bijasal

PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM(Bijasal)

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Fabales

Family: Fabaceae

Subfamily: Faboideae

Tribe: Dalbergieae

Genus: Pterocarpus

Species: P. marsupium

COMMON NAME:-Bijasal,Bibla,Honi,Vengai

OPERCULINA TURPETHUM | nishottra| PITHORI | NSHTAR | NISOT | NISHOTTRA | NISOTI | TELLATEGADHA

OPERCULINA TURPETHUM

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Solanales

Family: Convolvulaceae

Genus: Operculina

Species: O. turpethum

COMMON NAME:-PITHORI, NSHTAR, NISOT, NISHOTTRA, NISOTI, TELLATEGADHA

Nature:-It isa large twining herb with milky juice: root long

PSORALEA CORYLIFOLIA | BAKHUCHI

PSORALEA CORYLIFOLIA

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Fabales

Family: Fabaceae

Subfamily: Faboideae

Tribe: Psoraleeae

Genus: Psoralea

Common Name:-Bachi, latakasturi,sugandha kantak,kala gija,bakhuchi…

Nature:-It is an posture herb, and with densely glands –dotted branches.

Leaves:-Mostly leaves are round in shape, dotted with black glands on the both surfaces.

Flowers:-Flowers are small, bluish purple , with 12-35 bunches , arising in axile of leaves.

Fruits:-mostly FRUITS ARE BLACK,ROUND IN SHAPE WITH CLOSELY PITTED;; SEED ONE , SMOOTH.

MEDICINAL USES:-SEEDS OF THIS PLANTS COMPOSE THE DRUG.

The seed contain an essential oil which is very effective on certain bacteria causing skin disease. Roots of the plants are reporetd to be useful in caries of teeth: and the leaves in diarrhea

INDIAN PODOPHYLLUM | PADWAL

INDIAN PODOPHYLLUM

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Ranunculales

Family: Berberidaceae

Genus: Podophyllum

Species: P. hexandrum

COMMON NAME:-Banbaigan, Papri, Venivel, Padwal

Nature:- it’s a erect herb with a creeping rootstock.

Flower:-Flower bearing branch is erect, leafy at the top: leaves two with 15-25 cm diameter, deeply divided in 3-5 lobes. Flowers 2.5 -5 cm diameter, white or pinkish, with cup shaped, usually solitary.

Fruits:-Fruit ovoid, 2.5 -5 cm scarlet.

Medicinal uses:-The dried rhizomes of the plants are used in medicine .

The rhizomes contains a resin podophyllin. It is purgative: its action is slow but severe and a large doses can cause acute irritation and griping..

PERGULARIA | Karail

PERGULARIA

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Subclass: Asteridae

Order: Gentianales

Family: Apocynaceae

Subfamily: Asclepiadaceae

Genus: Pergularia

common name:- sadovani, karail, yagaphala,veliparti. etc..

Nature:-it is a herb.stem is hairy nad with milky juice.

Leaves:-Leaves are 4-6 cm long, sometimes more, ovate or round, hairy on lower surface, deeply chordate at base.

Flowers:-Flowers are mostly pale in colour , small, in short clusters.

Fruits:-Fruits are reflexed in pairs, and reflexed in pairs 5-8 cm long,1.4 cm broad,which is covered with spinous outgrowths.

Medicinal uses:-Mostly every part of the plants are used in as medicine

the juice of the leaves is given in catarrhal affection and infantilediarrhoea. It forms a constituent of a purgative preparation given in rheumatism .

Harmer | Peganum harmala | wild rue

classification of Peganum harmala

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Sapindales

Family: Nitrariaceae

Species: P. harmala

Common name:- harmer, isband, gandhya, wild rue.

Nature:- it is a shrub about 35-85 cm high.

Leaves:-leaves are mostly 5 to 8 cm long, which is divided into a large indefinite narrow segments.

Flower:-flowers are mostly in 2-3 cm diameter, white in colour which is single in axiles of leaves.

Fruits:- fruits are capsular,having sphere in shape and almost 5-8 mm in diameter,deeply lobed.seeds 3-4 mm long , brownish of , of various shapes and with rediculated seed coat.

Medicinal uses:-the seeds contain several alkaloids and are useful in asthma,fever, jaundice and complains of difficult and menstruation. They are used also as narcotic and emetic.

The seeds yield a red dye . Powdered roots mixed in mustard oil kill lice in hair. The plant, kept in a room repels mosquitoes